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公立学校所遇到的质量危机和信任危机,是日本当前基础教育所面临的重要难题。改革的基调是,在新自由主义的倡导下,把学校从官僚行政管理体制的强力约束中解放出来,把学校的课程、预算、人事管理等权力下放到学校基层,自主管理、自律运营,让校长、教师、学生、家长和社会共同参与学校的工作;引入市场竞争机制,扩大家长和学生的择校自由度,使学校在竞争环境中积极寻求特色定位,为儿童提供个性化和适应性的教育。
The quality crisis and the crisis of confidence encountered by public schools are important problems that Japan’s basic education now faces. Under the guidance of neoliberalism, the keynote of reform is to liberate the schools from the constraints of the bureaucratic administration system and decentralize the school’s curriculum, budget and personnel management to the grassroots level in schools. School principals, teachers, students, parents and the community are involved in the work of schools. Market competition mechanisms are introduced to expand the freedom of choice for parents and students so that schools can actively find their own niche in the competitive environment and provide them with personalized and adaptive education.