声门下狭窄是婴幼儿慢性气道阻塞最常见的原因之一。如无气管内插管或喉外伤史,通常被认为属先天性。绝大多数后天性声门下狭窄是气管内插管的后果。因此,在有早产及气管内插管史的小儿,若有呼吸窘迫,必须首先考虑有声门下狭窄的可能。小儿声门下狭窄治疗比较困难,如因呼吸困难而作气管切开,则戴管可能需2年以上时间,且在此期间约有5%的死亡率。近年来在有选择地为患儿行手术矫治,已初见成效。作者对小儿声门下狭窄的处理原则如下。一、放射检查:对明显气道阻塞的婴幼儿在作内窥镜检查前应尽可能作一次无创伤性放射学检查,包括:胸部前后位相、颈部软组织侧位相和钡餐检查,以排除喉上部或上纵隔肿块、血管 Subglottic stenosis is one of the most common causes of chronic airway obstruction in infants and young children. Such as endotracheal intubation or tracheal injury history, is generally considered congenital. The vast majority of acquired subglottic stenosis is the consequence of endotracheal intubation. Therefore, in children with a history of preterm labor and endotracheal intubation, respiratory distress must first be considered for subacoustic stenosis. Treatment of children with subglottic stenosis is difficult, as tracheotomy due to dyspnea, then wearing a tube may take more than 2 years, and during this period about 5% of the mortality. In recent years, selective surgical treatment of children, has achieved initial success. The author of the treatment of children with subglottic stenosis are as follows. First, the radiological examination: Obvious airway obstruction in infants and young children before endoscopy should be as far as possible for a non-invasive radiological examination, including: chest anteroposterior phase, neck soft tissue and barium meal phase examination to exclude throat Upper or upper mediastinal mass, blood vessels