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目的近几十年,肌肉型乙酰胆碱受体(nicotinic acetylcholine receptors,nAChRs)成为神经生理学、药理学、药物设计及相关疾病研究的重要靶点。包括横纹肌肉瘤、小儿软组织瘤、肌源性紊乱等疾病都与肌肉型nAChRs的异常有关。因此寻找针对肌肉型nAChRs的特异性探针,对于研究受体的结构、功能及相关疾病发病机理与治疗药物研发至关重要。方法通过查阅相关文献对近年来发现的特异作用于肌肉型nAChRs的生物毒素进行了综述。结果与结论自然界中存在许多天然生物毒素,能特异作用于肌肉型nAChRs,这些毒素对于研究肌肉型nAChRs的结构和功能,以及相关疾病的诊断和治疗有着非常重要的应用价值。
Objectives In recent decades, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have become important targets in neurophysiology, pharmacology, drug design and related diseases. Including rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric soft tissue tumors, myogenic disorders and other diseases are associated with muscle nAChRs abnormalities. Therefore, finding specific probes targeting muscle type nAChRs is crucial for studying the structure, function and related pathogenesis of the receptor and for the development of therapeutic drugs. Methods The biotoxins specific to muscle type nAChRs found in recent years were reviewed by referring to relevant literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Many natural biotoxins exist in nature and can act specifically on muscle-type nAChRs. These toxins are of great importance in the study of the structure and function of muscle-type nAChRs and the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.