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文言虚词指的是在古汉语中那些意义比较抽象,基本上不能明确表示意义,而只能帮助文言实词表情达意,使句子结构完整的词。文言虚词的用法相当复杂而且非常灵活多变,它不仅与现代汉语虚词差异较大,就是同一文言虚词在不同语句中意义和用法也不一样。汉古语中许多虚词都有多种用法,一个虚词可以当现代汉语几个虚词用。因此,我们要充分理解文言虚词的特点和类别,在阅读古汉语时,结合具体的语言环境,正确掌握它们的意义和用法。
Words in classical Chinese refer to the abstract meanings in ancient Chinese that basically can not express the meaning, but only help the classical Chinese words express their emotions and make the sentence structure complete. The usage of classical function words is quite complex and very flexible. It not only differs greatly from the modern Chinese function words, but also has the same meaning and usage in different sentences. There are many usage of many function words in Han language, and one function word can be used as a few function words in modern Chinese. Therefore, we must fully understand the characteristics and categories of the classical Chinese function words, and correctly understand their meanings and usages when reading ancient Chinese in combination with the specific language environment.