广西曾是我国历史上四大高疟区之一,也曾是恶性疟和间日疟严重流行区。建国前部分地区居民脾肿率3%~58%,疟原虫阳性率7.1%~84.9%,年病例数在500万以上。1952—1958年全广西发病人数12.5万~54万,发病率68.08/万~103.88/万。1954年成立广西自治区卫生防疫站,1958年成立寄生虫病防治研究所,各地市县卫生防疫站设置寄生虫病防治科(组),疟疾防治得以全面开展。1980年起发热病人血检成为发现传染源主要技术手段,血检覆盖至村屯,覆盖率不低于95%,当年全广西发病率降至4.76/万。1990年至1999年,广西报告病例11 557例,本地病例5 735例,发病率降至不足万分之一(1999年,0.95/万);2000年广西继续实施基本消灭疟疾及巩固成果策略,至2008年109个市县均达到部颁基本消灭疟疾标准,2000—2009报告病例2 122例,本地病例289例,病例数较上个10年下降81.64%,内源性病例下降94.96%。2010年《中国消除疟疾行动计划(2010—2020年)》实施以来,在自治区各级党政及卫生计生等有关部门领导下,防治工作得以加强。针对以输入性病例为主且逐年快速增长特点,主要加强了三个方面的措施,一是广泛开展涉疟临床医生诊疗培训,同时巩固市、县、乡疟原虫镜检能力;二是开展全民健康教育,侧重外出务工人员较多的地区,提高民众对疟疾了解,改善就医依从性;三是对返乡人员全员筛查,掌握一人,筛查一人,随访一人,早发现早治疗。2010—2015年,除2012年出现1例内源性病例外,其余2 068例为输入性,发病率继续控制在1/10万以下,期间在2013年广西上林县出现输入性聚集性疫情暴发,经精心组织,科学防治,实现了无二代和死亡病例发生。至2016年1月,全广西所有县均已通过消除考核。 Guangxi was once one of the four high-malarial areas in the history of our country and was also a severe endemic area of ​​falciparum malaria and Plasmodium vivax. Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the splenomegaly rate was 3% -58% in some areas, the positive rate of malaria parasites was 7.1% -84.9%, and the annual number of cases was more than 5 million. From 1952 to 1958, the number of patients in Guangxi was 125,000 to 540,000 with the incidence of 68.08 / million to 103.88 / million. Guangxi Autonomous Regional Health and Epidemic Prevention Station was established in 1954, Institute of Parasitic Diseases was set up in 1958, and parasitic diseases prevention and control section (group) was set up in all health and epidemic prevention stations of cities and counties. Malaria control was fully implemented. Since 1980, the blood test of febrile patients became the main technical means of finding the source of infection. The blood tests covered the village clinics and the coverage rate was not less than 95%. The prevalence in Guangxi in that year dropped to 4.76 / million. From 1990 to 1999, 11,557 cases were reported in Guangxi and 5,735 local cases, with the incidence dropping to less than one ten thousandth (1999, 0.95 / million). In 2000, Guangxi continued to implement the strategy of basically eliminating malaria and consolidating achievements, By 2009, 109 cities and counties reached the ministerial standards of eliminating malaria basically. There were 2 122 reported cases in 2000-2009 and 289 local cases. The number of cases dropped by 81.64% over the previous 10 years and the number of endogenous cases decreased by 94.96%. Since the implementation of the 2010 China Malaria Elimination Action Plan (2010-2020), prevention and control work has been strengthened under the leadership of the party, government, health planning and other relevant departments at all levels in the autonomous region. In view of the characteristics of imported cases and rapid growth year by year, we have mainly strengthened the measures of three aspects. First, we conducted a wide range of medical trainings for malaria clinicians while consolidating the microscopic examination capabilities of municipal, county and township malaria parasites. Second, Health education, focusing on migrant workers in more areas, to improve people’s understanding of malaria and improve medical compliance; Third, the return of staff full screening, one person, one screening, follow-up one early detection and early treatment. In 2010-2015, in addition to one case of endogenous disease in 2012, the other 2 068 cases were imported while the incidence rate continued to fall below 1/10 million. During 2013, there was an outbreak of imported aggregative outbreak in Shanglin County, Guangxi Province , After careful organization, scientific prevention and treatment, to achieve the second generation and deaths occurred. As of January 2016, all counties in Guangxi have passed the examination.