近半个世纪来医学上巨大的成就之一是抗生素的发现和应用,而使许多疾病的治疗起了根本的变化。绝大部分应用于临床上的抗生素的化学结构已确定,而且有些抗生素已能化学半合成及全合成,这不仅改善了抗菌性能,且亦扩大了临床应用范围。一、抗生素的抗菌谱 One of the great medical successes of nearly half a century has been the discovery and use of antibiotics, which have fundamentally changed the treatment of many diseases. The chemical structure of the vast majority of clinical antibiotics has been established, and some antibiotics have been semi-chemically synthesized and fully synthesized, which not only improves the antibacterial properties, but also expands the scope of clinical applications. First, the antimicrobial antibiotics spectrum