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【目的】研究不同修剪方法对催芽处理前后富士苹果一年生枝不同部位碳、氮营养物含量的影响,为完善苹果修剪技术提供参考。【方法】以富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh cv.Red Fuji)幼苗一年生枝条为试材,在解除休眠到萌芽期,于离体条件下对枝条进行短截处理(短截1/2、短截1/3),以不短截处理为对照,将按要求处理后的一年生枝带回试验室,将枝条下部剪平,直立放在盛有500mL水的瓷盘里,置于GZX型光照培养箱(25℃(白天)/20℃(晚上)、16h光照/8h黑暗条件)中进行催芽处理,在处理后第0,3,6,9,12天取样,测定枝条不同部位的可溶性糖、淀粉、总糖和可溶性蛋白含量,研究短截处理对一年生枝不同部位碳、氮营养物质含量的影响。【结果】富士苹果一年生枝条不同部位可溶性糖、淀粉、总糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量有明显分布梯度,表现为从一年生枝顶部向下,对照枝条木质部的可溶性糖含量由93.9mg/g逐渐降到61.9mg/g,淀粉含量从72.6mg/g逐渐降到37.7mg/g,总糖含量从166.5mg/g逐渐降到99.6mg/g。催芽处理前(处理0d)木质部可溶性糖、淀粉及总糖含量高于韧皮部。催芽处理后,木质部碳、氮营养物质含量变化幅度较大,与韧皮部相比,木质部平均可溶性糖、总糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别降低了38.1%,31.6%和15.4%,平均淀粉含量增加了17.4%;而韧皮部以上营养物质含量的变化幅度较小。短截处理未改变枝条自身碳、氮营养物质的分布梯度,不同处理枝条对应部位碳、氮营养物质的含量没有明显差异,但对整个枝条平均水平而言,短截降低了枝条内的平均可溶性糖、淀粉以及总糖含量,整个试验过程中短截处理枝条木质部以上营养物质的含量总体低于对照枝条。【结论】短截未改变苹果一年生枝条自身碳、氮营养物质含量的分布梯度,表现为从枝条顶部向下逐渐减少。
【Objective】 The effects of different pruning methods on the contents of carbon and nitrogen in different parts of one year old branches of Fuji apple before and after germination were studied, which could provide references for perfecting apple pruning techniques. 【Method】 The annual shoots of seedlings of Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh cv.Red Fuji) were used as test materials, and the branches were short-stalked (short cut 1/2, short cut 1 / 3), not short cut treatment as a control, will be required to deal with the annual branch back to the laboratory, cut the lower part of the branches, placed on a porcelain plate containing 500mL of water, placed GZX light incubator (25 ℃ (daytime) / 20 ℃ (night), 16h light / 8h darkness), and the samples were taken on the 0,3,6,9,12th day after treatment to determine the soluble sugar and starch , Total sugar and soluble protein content, the effects of short-cut treatment on the contents of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in different parts of annual branches were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that the content of soluble sugar, starch, total sugar and soluble protein in different parts of annual shoots of Fuji apples were obviously distributed gradient. The soluble sugar content decreased from 93.9mg / g to the control branches xylem from the top of annual branches downward 61.9mg / g, starch content decreased from 72.6mg / g to 37.7mg / g, total sugar content decreased from 166.5mg / g to 99.6mg / g. Before germination (treatment 0d) xylem soluble sugar, starch and total sugar content is higher than the phloem. After germination treatment, the content of nutrients in the xylem changed greatly, compared with the phloem, the contents of soluble sugar, total sugar and soluble protein decreased by 38.1%, 31.6% and 15.4%, respectively, and the average starch content increased by 17.4 %, While the content of nutrients above the phloem changed less. The short-cut treatment did not change the distribution gradient of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in the shoots. There was no significant difference in the contents of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in the corresponding parts of the shoots. However, for the whole shoots, the short cut reduced the average soluble Sugar, starch and total sugar content, the content of nutrients above the xylem fraction of short-cut branches was lower than the control branches throughout the experiment. 【Conclusion】 The short cut did not change the distribution gradient of the annual carbon and nitrogen nutrient content of the annual shoots of apple, showing a downward trend from the top of the shoot.