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价值范畴是政治经济学的核心范畴,而价值形成和分配原理是政治经济学的基本原理。探明并把握这个基本原理是理清价值分配关系从而推进产权制度改革的需要。由于传统价值理论与当代社会实践的偏差愈来愈明显,对许多新问题、新事物不能圆满地加以解释,因而引起了人们的反思。 一、传统价值理论的局限性 在解释商品价值源泉或价值形成问题上,长期以来有两种最具代表性且针锋相对的价值理论,即“效用价值论”与“劳动价值论”。“效用价值论”认为,效用是商品价值的唯一源泉,而商品价值量决定于人们对商品边际效用的估价;“劳动价值论”则认为,人类
The value category is the core category of political economy, and the principle of value formation and distribution is the basic principle of political economy. To ascertain and grasp this basic principle is the need to sort out the relationship of value distribution so as to promote the reform of property rights system. Due to the increasingly obvious deviation between traditional value theory and contemporary social practice, many new problems and new things can not be satisfactorily explained, which has aroused people’s introspection. I. LIMITATIONS OF TRADITIONAL VALUE THEORY There are two most representative and diametrically opposed theories of value in interpreting the source or value of a commodity’s worth for a long time, namely, “utility theory of value” and “labor theory of value.” According to “utility value theory”, utility is the only source of the value of the commodity, and the quantity of the commodity is determined by the people’s appraisal of the marginal utility of the commodity. “Labor Theory of Value”