固结试验和三轴剪切试验是土力学性质室内试验的两个主要项目.长期以来,人们常用单向固结仪测定土的压缩系数和固结系数,作为估算地基和土工建筑物沉降和变形的依据,又常用三轴剪力仪测定土的抗剪强度指标,作为估算土坡、地基的稳定性和挡墙土压力的依据。比较早期的固结仪,多采用杠杆、砝码分级加荷方式,最大固结荷载一般在10公斤/厘米~2 Consolidation tests and triaxial shear tests are two major items of laboratory tests on soil mechanics properties. For a long time, one-way consolidation machines have been used to measure the compressibility and consolidation coefficient of soils. Deformation of the basis, but also commonly used three-axis shear force measuring the shear strength of soil indicators, as a basis for the estimation of soil slopes, foundation stability and retaining wall earth pressure. Early consolidation instrument, the use of more leverage, weight grading loading method, the maximum consolidation load is generally 10 kg / cm ~ 2