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本文旨在从现代符号学的观点剖析中国文字在讯息传递和认知上的表现特性,以建立21世纪的中国文字学,简称为中国文字符号学。笔者首先借用索绪尔(Ferdinand de Saussure)共时性(synchronicity)与历时性(diachronicity)的观点建立中国文字符号学架构,并在本文先对中国文字共时系统(Synchronic System)的理论架构进行探讨。基于中国文字异于拼音系统的特殊表现,此一理论架构于索绪尔所提出的能指(signifier)与所指(signified)之外,另增指法(the relation between the signifier and thesignified)项目,并于此项下吸收美国符号学者皮尔斯(Charles SandersPeirce)所提出的图像、指示与象征(icon、index、symbol),补充索绪尔理论中任意性(arbitrariness)的不足,使能指、所指与指法所建立的共时系统能深入掌握中国文字复杂的变化因素。于是在符号学的基础上,中国文字在认知、审美与思维上的特性得以阐明,不但足以接引中国书法与测字等范畴的文化内涵,亦期望在未来有助于解决中文文字教学、计算机输入、华语教学、失语症及繁简字体等问题。
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance characteristics of Chinese characters in terms of message transmission and cognition from the point of view of modern semiotics in order to establish Chinese literary theory in the 21st century, or simply Chinese semiotic. The author first establishes the Chinese text semiotics framework from the perspective of synchronicity and diachronicity of Saudure (Ferdinand de Saussure). In this paper, the theoretical framework of Synchronic System Discussion. Based on the special representation of Chinese characters that are different from pinyin systems, this theoretical framework is based on Saussure’s signifier and signified items, the relation between the signifier and the signed item, And absorb the images, signs and symbols proposed by the American symbolist Charles Sanders Peirce under this item to supplement the lack of arbitrariness in Saussure’s theory, The synchronic system established with fingering can grasp the complicated changing factors of Chinese characters. Therefore, on the basis of semiotics, the characteristics of Chinese characters in terms of cognition, aesthetics and thinking can be clarified. This not only serves as a clue to the cultural connotations in areas such as Chinese calligraphy and measuring the meaning of words, but also helps to solve the problems of Chinese characters teaching, computer Input, teaching Chinese, aphasia and simplified Chinese font and other issues.