肾移植术后的外科并发症是导致移植肾早期失功能的重要原因之一，其预防已越来越引起人们的重视。１９７８年８月～１９９５年７月共施行肾移植５３６例（５８７次），其中发生各种外科并发症５１例，发生率为９．５％。文中就并发症的发生原因及如何防治进行了分析和讨论，认为肾移植外科并发症有三类，即尿路并发症、血管并发症和淋巴系统并发症。其防治可针对三种情况分别处理。 Surgical complications after renal transplantation is one of the important causes leading to early loss of function of renal allograft. Its prevention has drawn more and more attention. From August 1978 to July 1995, 536 cases (587) of renal transplantation were performed, in which 51 cases of various surgical complications occurred, the incidence rate was 9.5%. In this paper, the causes of complications and how to prevent and control were analyzed and discussed that there are three types of surgical complications of kidney transplantation, namely urinary tract complications, vascular complications and lymphatic system complications. Its control can be dealt with separately for the three situations.