在建立某飞行器故障诊断专家系统时，针对诊断知识的特点，提出了一种用相似匹配进行知识联想的方法。阐述了这种类比联想方法的理论基础和具体实现。实际系统在ＨＰＶＥＥ（可视化工程环境）的环境下开发完成，应用于某飞行器故障诊断时，能通过联想产生实用的诊断规则，对缺少诊断知识的故障症状进行尝试性的推理。 When establishing an aircraft fault diagnosis expert system, aiming at the characteristics of diagnostic knowledge, a method of knowledge association using similar matching is proposed. The theoretical foundation and concrete realization of this analogy associative method are expounded. The actual system was developed under the environment of HPVEE (Visual Engineering Environment). When applied to the fault diagnosis of an aircraft, Lenovo could try to reason out the fault symptom that lacks diagnostic knowledge by producing practical diagnostic rules.