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我国黄土以分布最广、厚度最大、地层最完整而著称世界,主要分布在陕、甘、宁、晋、豫等北方干旱、半干旱地区,面积约35万平方公里。由于干旱少雨,水源不足,农业发展受到一定限制。该区水文地质条件独特,正确评价和合理开发利用地下水资源,对广大黄土地区经济发展和提高人民生活水平,具有重要的实际意义和理论价值。本文根据作者于1984年在“全国黄土及黄土区应用地质学术讨论会”上的发言稿整理撰写。一、关于黄土水基本特征及其含水组划分黄土区地下水基本特征,主要受气候、地貌、岩性、古地理和堆积环境等因素所制约。因含水介质、渗透场及其排泄出露条件不同,黄土水具如下基本特征。
Loess in China is the most widely distributed, the largest thickness, the most complete strata and known world, mainly in Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Henan and other northern arid and semi-arid areas, an area of about 350,000 square kilometers. Due to lack of water and lack of water, agricultural development is subject to certain restrictions. The hydrogeological conditions in the area are unique. It is of practical significance and theoretical value for the correct assessment and rational exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources to the economic development of the vast loess areas and the enhancement of people’s living standard. This article is organized according to the author’s speech in 1984 on “National Symposium on Applied Geology of Loess and Loess Plateau”. First, on the basic characteristics of loess and water division of the basic characteristics of the groundwater in the loess area, mainly due to climate, geomorphology, lithology, paleogeography and the accumulation of environmental constraints and other factors. Due to the different conditions of aqueous medium, osmotic field and excretion and dewfall, loess water has the following basic characteristics.