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长期机械通气患儿病情复杂，长期滞留PICU治疗费用高，发生院内并发症及病死率高，有效的气道管理及并发症处理，对减少呼吸机相关性肺炎、延长生命以及减轻经济负担至关重要。本文旨在结合当前国内外研究进展，为儿童长期机械通气的气道管理及并发症处理提供一定经验。“,”Children with prolonged mechanical ventilation have complex conditions, high treatment cost of long-term stay in PICU, high nosocomial complications and mortality.Effective airway management and treatment of complications are essential to reduce ventilator-related pneumonia, prolong life, and reduce economic burden.This review aimed to summarize the updated studies to provide some evidences for children′s prolonged mechanical ventilation airway management and complications management.