论文部分内容阅读
发生于19世纪中叶的美国内战规模空前,影响深远。在战争爆发前和战争进行中,联邦政府的决策者面临较为棘手的决策困境:既要追求联邦主义,又要兼顾州权主义;既要维护统一大局,又要做出战争决择;既要反对奴隶制,又要利用奴隶制。这些困境导致联邦政府的战争决策经历了一个不断调整的过程,主要体现在4个方面:一是解放黑人奴隶;二是实行征兵制;三是出台《宅地法》;四是选择适合当时情况的战争规模。联邦政府的决策总体上是成功的,最后实现了美国真正的统一。
The U.S. civil war that took place in the mid-19th century was unprecedented in scale and far-reaching. Before the outbreak of the war and during the war, the policymakers of the federal government faced the daunting decision-making predicament: they wanted both federalism and state power; they must both safeguard the overall interests and make a war decision, Oppose slavery and use slavery. These predicaments led to the federal government’s war decision-making experience a process of continuous adjustment, mainly in four aspects: First, the liberation of black slaves; the second is the implementation of conscription; third is the introduction of “Homestead Act”; the fourth is to choose the right circumstances Scale of war. The federal government’s decision-making as a whole was a success, finally realizing the true United States reunification.