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目前,围绕警察使用武器的既有研究结论呈现碎片化,一定程度上源于研究者不同的学科背景,造成了共识性理论和话语的缺失。梳理既有理论及其分析思路,警察使用武器研究大致可归结为规范研究与实证研究两条基本进路。两者功能各异,但存在互补关系,共同勾勒出警察使用武器的核心问题——裁量。由于警察裁量空间的扩张与收缩,自由裁量与羁束裁量之间存在持续的张力。如何消解这一张力并正当化裁量过程成为化解裁量难题的切入点。鉴于大部分警察使用武器行为的独特性,其过程难以嵌入“类立法”的构造,而“情境化”的过程构造则提供了正当化的可能路径。
At present, the existing research findings on the use of weapons by the police show fragmentation, which to some extent stems from different disciplinary backgrounds of researchers, resulting in the lack of consensus theory and discourse. Combing existing theories and analysis ideas, the study on the use of weapons by the police can generally be attributed to two basic approaches of normative research and empirical research. Both have different functions, but there are complementary relations that together outline the core issue of police using weapons - discretion. Due to the expansion and contraction of the discretion of the police, there is a constant tension between discretion and restraint. How to resolve this tension and justify the discretion process has become the starting point for resolving the discrepancies. Given the unique nature of most police use of weapons, the process is difficult to embed in the “class legislature,” while the “contextualized” process constructs provide the probable path to justification.