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该研究以《中国药典》收载的5种海洋贝壳类中药饮片为研究对象,采用近红外光谱技术并结合主成分分析法研究该类饮片的鉴别。结果表明,该法能很好地区分牡蛎、石决明、珍珠母,但蛤壳与瓦楞子没有得到区分;牡蛎与其他样品在第一主成分上有明显区别,其中4 236,5 263,7 142 cm~(-1)等处载荷系数较大,提示第一主成分可能与药材中碳酸钙、水分含量等有关;蛤壳及瓦楞子与其他样品在第二主成分上有较大差异,其中5 000~4 430 cm~(-1)等处载荷对此贡献较大,提示第二主成分可能与药材中含NH,CH基团的蛋白质等有机物密切相关。分析贝壳类药材的功效与其在近红外光谱PCA分析图中分布的相关性,发现两者较为一致。蛤壳与瓦楞子均为化痰止咳药,在PCA分析图中位于相同区域;牡蛎、石决明和珍珠母同为平肝潜阳药,但石决明与珍珠母均能明目,在PCA分析图中相距较近;牡蛎具软坚散结之功,在PCA分析图中与前两者有较大差距。以上结果提示,有机质小分子是海洋贝壳类中药不可忽略的重要药效物质基础。
In this study, we studied the identification of five kinds of Chinese Herbal Pieces from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia using near infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis. The results show that the method can distinguish oyster, stone cassia and nacre well, but there is no distinction between clam shell and corrugated seed. Oyster and other samples have obvious difference in the first principal component, of which 4 236,5 263, The loading coefficient at 7 142 cm -1 was larger, suggesting that the first principal component may be related to the content of calcium carbonate and water in medicinal materials, and the clam shell and corrugated son had significant differences in the second principal component , Among which the contribution of 5 000 ~ 4 430 cm -1 contributed greatly to the second principal component, which may be closely related to the organic matter such as proteins containing NH and CH groups in the medicinal materials. Analysis of shellfish medicinal efficacy and its distribution in near infrared spectroscopy PCA analysis of the correlation found that the two are more consistent. Clamshell and corrugated son are Huatan cough medicine, PCA analysis in the same map in the same area; oysters, stone cassia and nacre with the same liver-ping Yang Yang medicine, but stone Cassia and pearl can be eyesight, PCA Analysis of the map is close; oyster with Ruanjian Sanjie power, in the PCA analysis of the figure with the former two have a big gap. The above results suggest that small molecules of organic matter is an important pharmacological substance that can not be ignored in marine shellfish medicine.