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赶超发展是后发国家加速发展、追赶和超越先进国家的一种由来已久的世界经济现象。作为20世纪世界大国的前苏联在十月革命后通过较长时期的高速增长,从一个落后的欧洲农奴国家崛起为全球性超级大国。但是并未持久保住成功崛起的态势而最终分崩离析。本文在综合回顾已有的各种探索苏联兴衰根源的研究成果基础上,从增长方式视角探寻其增长方式根本性软肋、产生根源及其与赶超失利之间的内在关联。在此基础上总结后发国家持续赶超之道在于及时应对环境变化,转变增长方式,以此为当今面临赶超发展难题的中国及其他新兴经济体提供有益的警示和启迪。
Catching up and surpassing development is a long-standing phenomenon in the world economy that has accelerated the development of post-sending countries, catching up and surpassing advanced countries. The Soviet Union, as a world power in the 20th century, passed a relatively long period of rapid growth after the October Revolution and rose from a backward European serfdom to a global superpower. However, it did not endure the trend of successful rise and eventually collapsed. Based on a comprehensive review of the existing research results that explored the causes of the rise and fall of the Soviet Union, this article explores the underlying weakness of growth mode, its root causes and its inherent relationship with the catastrophe of catch-up and defeat from the perspective of growth mode. On the basis of this, it is concluded that the countries that follow the path of sustained catchesup are to respond to environmental changes in a timely manner and change their mode of growth so as to provide useful warnings and enlightenment to China and other emerging economies that are facing the challenges of catching up and catching up today.