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盾叶萆和细萆皆来源于薯蓣属萆植物的根茎，它们形态相似，为研究它们的生药学特征并鉴别之，通过宏观性状况察、显微镜微观结构探索及扫描电镜超微结构研究，结果发现该两药材的宏观、微观和超微结构既有单子叶植物的共同特征，也有单子叶植物不常具有的特征。两药材的上述生药学特征大多相似，但也有些差异，利用这些差异可对两药材进行鉴别。
Both S. sibirica and S. sibirica originated from the rhizomes of the genus Dioscorea. Their morphology was similar. To study their pharmacognosy characteristics and identify them, macroscopic observations, microscopic microstructure exploration, and scanning electron microscopy ultrastructure studies were performed. It was found that the macroscopic, microscopic and ultramicrostructures of the two medicinal materials have both the common characteristics of monocotyledons and the characteristics that are rarely found in monocotyledons. The above-mentioned pharmacognosy features of the two medicinal materials are mostly similar, but there are also some differences. These differences can be used to identify the two medicinal materials.