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古代希腊哲学中就有人本主义的萌芽，如普罗泰戈拉的“人是万物的尺度”的命题；文艺复兴时期的思想家反对封建制度和宗教神学，肯定人的价值，要求个性解放，强调人的现世的享受；近代思想家继承了文艺复兴时期的人本主义思想，并进一步把关于人的学说与唯物主义自然观以及对人的理性认识能力的肯定相结合，为现代西方人本主义思想的产生奠定了基础。在某种意义上，现代西方人本主义思潮是对古近代人本主义思想的一种否定，是建立在反唯物主义、反理性主义和反乐观主义的基础上，其代表人物和流派如叔本华、克尔凯郭尔、尼采、柏格森、弗洛伊德主义、存在主义、人格主义等。
In ancient Greek philosophy, there was a sprout of humanism, such as Protagoras’ proposition that “man is the measure of all things.” Renaissance thinkers opposed the feudal system and religious theology, affirmed the value of man, demanded the liberation of personality, and emphasized that man The contemporary thinkers inherited the Renaissance humanism and further integrated the theory of human beings with the materialist view of nature and the affirmation of human’s ability of rational cognition, Generated laid the foundation. In a sense, the modern western humanism trend of thought is a kind of negation of the ancient humanism thought. It is based on anti-materialism, anti-rationalism and anti-optimism. Its representatives and genres such as Uncle Benhua, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Bergson, Freudianism, existentialism and personalism.