Over recent years,[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography acquired together with low dose computed tomography(FDG-PET/CT)has proven its role as a staging modality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The purpose of this review was to present the evidence to use FDG-PET/CT for response evaluation in patients with NSCLC,treated with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKI).All published articles from 1November 2003 to 1 November 2013 reporting on 18FFDG-PET response evaluation during EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with NSCLC were collected.In total 7studies,including data of 210 patients were eligible for analyses.Our report shows that FDG-PET/CT responseduring EGFR-TKI therapy has potential in targeted treatment for NSCLC.FDG-PET/CT response is associated with clinical and radiologic response and with survival.Furthermore FDG-PET/CT response monitoring can be performed as early as 1-2 wk after initiation of EGFR-TKI treatment.Patients with substantial decrease of metabolic activity during EGFR-TKI treatment will probably benefit from continued treatment.If metabolic response does not occur within the first weeks of EGFR-TKI treatment,patients may be spared(further)unnecessary toxicity of ineffective treatment.Refining FDG-PET response criteria may help the clinician to decide on continuation or discontinuation of targeted treatment. Over recent years, [18F] -fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography acquired together with low dose computed tomography (FDG-PET / CT) has proven its role as a staging modality in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this review was to present the evidence to use FDG-PET / CT for response evaluation in patients with NSCLC, treated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) -tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). All published articles from 1November 2003 to 1 November 2013 reporting on 18 FFDG-PET response evaluation during EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with NSCLC were collected.In total 7 databases, including data of 210 patients were eligible for analyzes. Our report shows that FDG-PET / CT responseduring EGFR-TKI therapy has potential in targeted treatment for NSCLC.FDG-PET / CT response is associated with clinical and radiologic response and with survival .Furthermore FDG-PET / CT response monitoring can be performed as early as 1-2 wk after initiation of EGFR-TKI treatment. Pat ients with substantial decrease of metabolic activity during EGFR-TKI treatment will probably benefit from continued treatment. If metabolic response does not occur within the first weeks of EGFR-TKI treatment, patients may be spared (further) unnecessary toxicity of ineffective treatment. Refining FDG -PET response criteria may help the clinician to decide on continuations or discontinuation of targeted treatment.