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目的了解江苏省女职工生殖健康状况,分析其可能存在的影响因素,探讨女职工劳动保护对策。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2016年3—11月采用中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所编制的《女职工生殖健康调查问卷》对江苏省女职工集中行业的6 402名女职工的生殖健康状况开展调查。结果 6 402名女工中,平均年龄为(37.07±8.19)岁,有50.89%的女职工在工作中接触有害因素;曾经患有妇科疾病或相关症状的女职工有31.27%,妇科疾病发生受到接触有害因素、工作负荷大、视屏作业等职业相关因素的影响(P<0.05);女职工月经异常率高达22.70%,月经异常受到接触有害因素、工作负荷大、视屏作业、流动性大等职业相关因素的影响(P<0.05);女职工出现更年期症状的平均年龄为(47.58±2.91)岁,更年期历时(2.29±1.36)a,更年期症状初现受到接触有害因素、工作负荷大、不良工效学、流动性大等因素的影响(P<0.05);女职工绝经平均年龄(49.97±2.68)岁,绝经年龄受到有害因素、轮班夜班、不良工效学等因素的影响(P<0.05)。结论江苏省女职工生殖健康状况不容乐观,职业危害因素和劳动工作模式对女职工的生殖健康存在不同程度的影响,应加强职业卫生防护,改善工作模式,提升自我防护意识,保障和促进女职工生殖健康。
Objective To understand the reproductive health of female employees in Jiangsu Province, analyze the possible influencing factors and discuss the labor protection countermeasures of female workers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the reproductive health of women workers prepared by the Occupational Health and Poison Control Center of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention from March to November in 2016. The questionnaire on the reproductive health of female workers in Jiangsu Province was conducted. Reproductive health status survey. Results Among the 6,402 female workers, the average age was (37.07 ± 8.19) years old, 50.89% of female workers exposed to harmful factors in their work; 31.27% of female workers who had gynecological diseases or related symptoms, and the gynecological diseases were exposed (P <0.05). The abnormal rate of menstruation in female workers was as high as 22.70%, the abnormal menstruation was affected by exposure to harmful factors, the workload was heavy, the screen operation, the liquidity and so on were professionally related (P <0.05). The average age of menopause women with symptoms of menopause was (47.58 ± 2.91) years and menopause lasted (2.29 ± 1.36) years. The symptoms of menopause were initially exposed to harmful factors, the work load was large, and ergonomics (P <0.05). The average age of menopause women (49.97 ± 2.68) and the age of menopause were affected by the factors such as harmful factors, night shift shift and poor ergonomics (P <0.05). Conclusions The reproductive health status of women workers in Jiangsu Province is not optimistic. Occupational hazards and labor work patterns have different impacts on the reproductive health of female workers. Occupational health protection should be strengthened to improve working patterns, enhance awareness of self-protection, protect and promote women workers Reproductive health.