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从蓟属植物水飞蓟(Silybum marianum)果实中提取到黄酮木脂素即水飞蓟素,口服水飞蓟素可治疗中毒性肝损害(酒精、药物、环境中毒素导致)、慢性肝炎和肝硬化。水飞蓟素及其异构体(silibinin)具有抗氧化活性,防止细胞内脂质发生过氧化反应及细胞膜的损坏。另外,它能促进损伤肝中的蛋白质生物合成及细胞再生从而使肝功能恢复。水飞蓟素能通过竞争性抑制细胞膜中的受体,阻止某些食用菌类毒素侵入肝细胞。静脉注射可溶性水飞蓟素衍生物在鬼笔鹅膏中毒救生疗法中占有重要位置。研究还表明水飞蓟素能抑制白三烯的产生,从而具有抗炎和抗纤维化作用。由此认为水飞蓟素作为治疗肝病首选药值得进一步研究。
Flavone lignans, or silymarin, are extracted from the fruits of the genus Silybum marianum. Oral silymarin can treat toxic liver damage (induced by alcohol, drugs, and environmental toxins), chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Silymarin and its isomers (silibinin) have antioxidant activity, preventing intracellular lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage. In addition, it can promote protein biosynthesis and cell regeneration in the damaged liver and restore liver function. Silymarin can inhibit the infiltration of some edible mushroom toxins into liver cells by competitively inhibiting receptors in the cell membrane. Intravenous injection of soluble silymarin derivatives plays an important role in the lifesaving therapy of ghost amanita poisoning. Studies have also shown that silymarin can inhibit the production of leukotrienes and thus have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. Therefore, Silymarin is considered as the first choice for the treatment of liver diseases and deserves further study.