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目的探讨长沙市煤炭开采业尘肺病分布特点和发病规律,预测流行趋势,为制定煤炭开采业尘肺防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,收集该市历年来诊断的煤工尘肺病例,建立尘肺病数据库,用SPSS 17.0统计方法,分析煤工尘肺患病率、区县分布、诊断年代以及发病工龄和发病年龄的差异。结果全市累计诊断煤工尘肺病例712例,主要分布在浏阳市(50.84%)、宁乡县(36.38)和望城县(5.20%)。煤炭行业占85.53%。尘肺Ⅰ期502例(70.51%),Ⅱ期193例(27.11%),Ⅲ期17例(2.39%)。20世纪80年代病例分布居首位,占50.84%。平均发病工龄(19.82±8.28)a,平均发病年龄(48.33±8.53)岁。肺结核并发率12.08%,累积报告尘肺死亡病例47例,病死率6.60%。结论全市尘肺病新发病例1960—1980年呈逐渐增长趋势,2000年后病例逐渐减少。需加大煤炭工业粉尘危害监测与风险控制,完善粉尘暴露人群监护机制。
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis in coal mining industry in Changsha and forecast the epidemic trend and provide a scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control measures for pneumoconiosis in coal mining industry. Methods A retrospective epidemiological survey method was used to collect the pneumoconiosis cases diagnosed over the years in the city. The database of pneumoconiosis was established. The data of SPSS 17.0 were used to analyze the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in coal workers, the distribution of districts and counties, the age of diagnosis and the age of onset And the age of onset difference. Results A total of 712 coal worker pneumoconiosis cases were diagnosed in the city, mainly in Liuyang City (50.84%), Ningxiang County (36.38) and Wangcheng County (5.20%). Coal industry accounted for 85.53%. Pneumoconiosis stage Ⅰ 502 cases (70.51%), stage Ⅱ 193 cases (27.11%), stage Ⅲ 17 cases (2.39%). The highest number of cases in the 1980s, accounting for 50.84%. The average length of service (19.82 ± 8.28) a, the average age of onset (48.33 ± 8.53) years. The incidence of tuberculosis was 12.08%, 47 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported cumulatively, and the case fatality rate was 6.60%. Conclusion The new cases of pneumoconiosis in the whole city showed a gradually increasing trend from 1960 to 1980, and the cases gradually decreased after 2000. It is necessary to increase dust monitoring and risk control of dust in the coal industry and improve the guardianship mechanism for people exposed to dust.