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蛇毒是从各种毒蛇的毒腺中得到的一种物质。其成分较为复杂,一般含有近30种毒素蛋白和酶,以及少量其它蛋白质物质。这些成分的存在与蛇毒所引起的出血、水肿、肿胀、肌肉松驰、坏死,以及血凝失调等密切相关。也正因为这些复杂的组分,使蛇毒具有多样的药理效应和药用价值。用蛇毒治病最早的是Monaelesser(1933),他取眼镜蛇毒治疗癌症病人,镇痛效果显著。以后有人报道过类似的效果。自1938年Slotta和Fraenkel-Conrat首先从南美响尾蛇恐怖亚种蛇毒中成功地分离出第一个结晶
Snake venom is a substance obtained from the poisonous glands of various venomous snakes. Its composition is more complex, usually contains nearly 30 kinds of toxins and enzymes, and a small amount of other protein substances. The presence of these components and venom caused by bleeding, edema, swelling, muscle relaxation, necrosis, and hematologic disorders are closely related. Precisely because of these complex components, the snake venom has a variety of pharmacological effects and medicinal value. The first treatment with snake venom Monaelesser (1933), he cobra venom treatment of cancer patients, significant analgesic effect. It has been reported after a similar effect. Slotta and Fraenkel-Conrat first succeeded in isolating the first crystal from the venomous snake venom of the South American rattlesnake in 1938