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材料科学是三大前沿学科之一。它的发展不仅直接影响国民经济的发展,而且也影响着其他学科的发展。所以,它一直得到人们的垂青。在材料研究中,人们用光学显微镜,继而用电子显微镜来研究材料的显微结构,在冶金和陶瓷行业中都已取得了显著进展。应用这些技术,可以确定相变、晶粒大小及形状;加上电子显微探针,在成分分析中又取得一大进步。但这些手段主要的不足之处在于缺乏深度分辨率,因此不能直接得到结构和组分在深度分布上的信息。而如回火脆性、腐蚀性、摩擦、
Material science is one of the three leading disciplines. Its development not only directly affects the development of the national economy, but also affects the development of other disciplines. So, it always gets people’s favor. In material research, people use optical microscopy, followed by electron microscopy to study the microstructure of materials, the metallurgical and ceramics industries have made significant progress. Using these techniques, phase transitions, grain sizes and shapes can be determined; with the addition of electron microscopy probes, a major advance has been made in component analysis. However, the main weakness of these methods is the lack of depth resolution, so the information on the depth distribution of structures and components can not be obtained directly. However, such as temper brittleness, corrosion, friction,