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目的:确定黔产宽叶缬草根挥发油的最佳提取工艺,分析其化学成分。方法:用水蒸气蒸馏法提取缬草根挥发油,以挥发油提取率为指标,考察蒸馏时间、液料比、浸泡时间及粉碎度等影响因素,采用单因素试验和正交试验法优选宽叶缬草根挥发油提取工艺。采用GC-MS分析挥发油中化学成分。结果:宽叶缬草根挥发油最佳提取工艺为粉碎度为10～20目,料液比1∶10,蒸馏时间5 h,浸泡时间4 h;此工艺条件下,挥发油提取率达5.74%。缬草油中共鉴定出25种化学成分,以萜烯类化合物为主,分别含有烯、醇、酮、酯、醚类化合物,其中乙酸冰片酯、香树烯和坎烯占主导地位,其相对质量分数分别为37.94%,18.52%,10.26%。结论:该优选工艺稳定可行,可为缬草根挥发油工业化提取提供实验依据。
Objective: To determine the best extraction technology of the volatile oil of Valeriana officinalis from Guizhou, and to analyze its chemical composition. Methods: The volatile oil of Valeriana officinalis was extracted by steam distillation and the extraction rate of volatile oil was taken as an index. The influencing factors such as distillation time, liquid to material ratio, soaking time and pulverization were investigated. Single factor experiment and orthogonal test were used to optimize the content of volatile oil Extraction process. GC-MS analysis of volatile oil chemical composition. Results: The optimal extraction technology for the volatile oil from the roots of Valeriana officinalis was the pulverization degree was 10-20 mesh, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:10, the distillation time was 5 h and the soaking time was 4 h. The extraction rate of volatile oil was 5.74% under this condition. Valerian oil identified a total of 25 kinds of chemical constituents, mainly terpene compounds, respectively, containing olefins, alcohols, ketones, esters, ethers, including borneol ester, incense tree ene and dominate the dominant position, the relative The mass fraction was 37.94%, 18.52% and 10.26% respectively. Conclusion: The optimal process is stable and feasible, which can provide experimental basis for the industrial extraction of essential oil of Valerian root.