目的　探讨在男性直肠癌病人行根治术中实施盆腔自主神经保护 ,对于减少病人术后性功能障碍的作用。方法　采用病例对照的方法 ,回顾性分析了在直肠癌根治术中盆腔自主神经保留 (PANP)组和非PANP组病人术后性功能障碍的发生率以及局部复发率。结果　研究组和对照组病人术后勃起功能障碍的发生率分别为3 2 7%和 63 5 %。射精功能障碍的发生率分别为 44 2 %和 71 2 % ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。研究组和对照组的局部复发率为 9 6%和 7 7% ,差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　直肠癌根治术中实施PANP ,在不增加局部复发率的前提下 ,可以改善病人的性功能 ,提高病人的术后生存质量 Objective To explore the effect of pelvic autonomic nerve protection in radical mastectomy for male patients with rectal cancer to reduce postoperative sexual dysfunction. Methods A case-control study was conducted to analyze the incidence of postoperative sexual dysfunction and the local recurrence rate in patients with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) and non-PANP patients undergoing radical resection of rectal cancer. Results The incidence of postoperative erectile dysfunction in study group and control group were respectively 327% and 63 5%. The incidences of ejaculation dysfunction were 44 2% and 71 2%, respectively, with significant differences (P <0.05). The local recurrence rates in study group and control group were 96% and 77%, respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusions PANP can be performed in radical resection of rectal cancer, which can improve the patient’s sexual function and improve the postoperative quality of life without increasing the local recurrence rate