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契约活动古已有之 ,但契约作为经济活动的伦理基础则是市场经济的根本要求。市场经济造成的直接结果就是交往的普遍化和日常化 ,契约反映的是基于共同活动基础上的公共性和公共价值 ,体现的是公共活动中活动主体的主体间性特征 ,是一种“共同意志”和“公共精神”。契约活动包含着承诺与责任 ,体现着信赖与义务 ;通过缔约和守约实现了利益主体追求个人收益最大化的目标 ,契约活动是人们实现利己与利他的合理方式。契约是借公意的形式而实现的经济活动和伦理活动。契约的伦理性与伦理功能是契约伦理的两个最为主要的方面。
Contractual activities have existed for a long time, but the contract as the ethical foundation of economic activities is the fundamental requirement of market economy. The direct result of the market economy is the universalization and daily communication. The contract reflects the commonality and public value based on the common activities. It reflects the intersubjectivity of the main body of the public activities and is a kind of “common Will ”and“ Public Spirit. ” The contract activity contains the promise and the responsibility, embodies the trust and the obligation; through the contract and the contract, it realizes the goal that the main body pursues the maximization of the individual benefit, and the contractual activity is a reasonable way for people to realize self-interest and altruism. The contract is economic activity and ethical activity realized through the form of public opinion. The ethical and ethical functions of contracts are the two most important aspects of contractual ethics.