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中国古代是一个航海发达的国家,拥有同样先进的航海技术应在情理之中。航海南北定位是航海技术中关键的一项,本文拟研究该技术在中国古代开始应用的时间。文章参照现有的研究成果,将该时间逐步前推。通过梳理中国古籍中对日本方位记载的演变,揭示了对日本方位的认识从错误到正确的转变过程,并进一步分析认为这正是航海南北定位应用导致的结果。同时结合文献及遣唐使、商人等在海上实际航行的状况,推知航海南北定位在中国古代航海中开始应用的时间应在约838年至907年之间。此技术在中国的应用比西方早约6个世纪,是对世界航海导航技术作出的贡献。
Ancient China was a country with developed navigation. It is reasonable to have the same advanced navigation technology. Navigational navigation is a key navigation technology in North and South, this article intends to study the technology in ancient China began to apply the time. The article refers to the existing research results, the time advance. By combing the evolution of the records of Japanese positions in ancient Chinese books, the paper reveals the process of changing from wrong to correct understanding of Japan’s position and further analyzes that this is exactly the result of the navigation north-south positioning and application. At the same time, combining with the actual situation of navigating the Tang Dynasty, merchants and other merchants at sea, it is inferred that the navigational north-south positioning should start to be applied in ancient Chinese navigation from about 838 to 907. This technology has been applied in China for about six centuries earlier than the West and is a contribution to world navigation technology.