目的:阐述双眼屈光焦度相等或相差不大,但轴位不同也是一种特殊类型的屈光参差,并对该种屈光参差的验配原则进行阐述。方法:屈光力的分解比较,临床症状的对比分析。结果:屈光焦度相等或相差不大,但轴位不同,会引起双眼对称子午线屈光力的差异,并诱发相关临床症状,且轴位屈光参差的量值与临床症状正相关。结论:证实双眼屈光焦度相等或相差不大,但轴位不同确为一种特殊的屈光参差。 Objective: To explain that the refractive power of both eyes is equal or not different, but the axial position is also a special type of anisometropia, and the anisometropia fitting principle is described. Methods: Decomposition of refractive comparison, comparative analysis of clinical symptoms. Results: The refractive powers were the same or not different, but the different axial positions caused the difference of the bilateral meridional refractive power and induced the related clinical symptoms. The axial anisometropia value was positively correlated with the clinical symptoms. Conclusion: It is confirmed that the refractive power of both eyes is equal or not much different, but the axial position is indeed a special type of anisometropia.