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生长激素、干扰素及组织纤溶酶原激活剂等蛋白质药物的获得,使医学发生了深刻变化,而这些药物的大量获得往往依赖克隆基因的表达水平。基因表达特别是基因在真核细胞中的表达是一个极为复杂的问题,受多重因素的调控。本文从转录前水平,转录水平及翻译和翻译后加工等方面综述了近年来对影响基因表达因素的一些新认识、新见解,介绍了增加外源基因在哺乳细胞中表达水平的一些途径,提出了基因定向导入以提高基因表达的潜在途径。
The availability of protein drugs such as growth hormones, interferons, and tissue plasminogen activator has profoundly changed medicine, and the large availability of these drugs often depends on the expression level of cloned genes. Gene expression, especially gene expression in eukaryotic cells is a very complex issue, under the control of multiple factors. This review summarizes some new understandings and new insights into the factors that affect gene expression in recent years from the aspects of pre-transcriptional level, transcriptional level, translation and post-translational processing. Some approaches to increase the expression level of exogenous genes in mammalian cells are presented. The potential pathway for gene-directed introduction to increase gene expression.