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开发区已走过30多年的发展历程,开发区“精简高效、小机构、大服务”的管委会体制曾以体制创新的优势,对我国的改革开放以及实现工业化做出了重要的贡献。但随着开发区的不断扩展,其管理体制却也逐渐发生了“政府化”的演变,与当初设定的管委会体制渐行渐远,进而弱化了开发区的体制创新实验和高效发展功能。开发区管理体制为何出现“政府化”的演变?开发区若要继续成为产业转型升级的改革实验平台,需要什么取向的管理体制变革?这就是本文的主要研究问题。为此,在实地调研的基础上,本文基于新制度经济学的理论视角,从产权界定和外部性展开对开发区管理体制演变逻辑的分析,并通过比较分析,对开发区管理体制改革取向进行了探讨。本文认为,开发区的初始产权界定使相关利益主体间存在权利与责任不对称的矛盾冲突,而开发区空间面积不断扩张所衍生的外部性又使得这种矛盾不断放大,导致开发区原有管理体制失灵。在深化体制改革方兴未艾的当下,开发区要为产业升级和转变增长方式做“引领者”或先行先试者,就应该坚持基于市场经济体制的管理体制深化改革,而不是走“政府化”的回头路。
The development zone has gone through more than 30 years of development. The management committee system of the development zone, which is “streamlined, efficient, small organizations, and big service”, has taken the advantage of institutional innovation and made important contributions to China’s reform and opening up as well as industrialization contribution. However, with the continuous expansion of the zone, its management system gradually evolved into a “government-oriented” system. It evolved far away from the originally set-up management committee system and further weakened the institutional innovation experiments in the zone. Efficient development of functions. Why the development of the management system of the zone “government ” evolution? If the development zone to continue to become the industrial reform and upgrading of the experimental platform for the reform, what is the orientation of the management system changes? This is the main research issues of this article. Therefore, on the basis of field investigation, based on the theoretical perspective of new institutional economics, this paper analyzes the evolution of the management system of development zone from the definition of property rights and the externalities, and through the comparative analysis, conducts the reform of the management system of the zone Exploring. This paper argues that the definition of initial property rights in development zones makes the conflicts of rights and responsibilities asymmetric among the relevant stakeholders, while the externalities derived from the continuous expansion of the development area have further enlarged the contradictions, resulting in the original management of the development zones System failure. At a time when the reform of the system is in the ascendant, if the development zone is to become a “leader” or a pioneer in industrial upgrading and transformation of growth mode, the development zone should adhere to the deepening reform of the management system based on the market economy instead of going to the “government Turn back ”.