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潜伏性结核感染(LTBI)是宿主感染结核杆菌后尚未发病的一种特殊状态。由于大多数活动性结核是潜伏感染的结核杆菌重新被激活所致,LTBI者成为结核患者的重要来源。发现和治疗有发展为活动性结核危险的LTBI者是控制结核传播的最有效手段之一。本文综述了目前国际上LTBI的诊断标准及推荐的治疗方案,希望对临床实际工作有所帮助。
Latent TB infection (LTBI) is a special condition in which the host has not yet been infected with M. tuberculosis. As most active tuberculosis is caused by the reactivation of latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, LTBI has become a significant source of tuberculosis patients. Identifying and treating LTBI who develop the risk of active tuberculosis is one of the most effective ways to control TB transmission. This review summarizes the current international LTBI diagnostic criteria and recommended treatment options, hoping to help clinical practice.