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一、钾与油菜的生长发育由于有机肥料不足,过量施用氮肥,磷肥施用量迅速增加,油菜对钾的需要愈来愈大。据中国农科院油料所资料,在缺钾土壤上施用钾肥,油菜平均增产10％以上。研究表明,每生产100公斤油菜籽,需吸收氮素10.1公斤,五氧化二磷3.5公斤,氯化钾9.4公斤,氮、磷、钾比等于 1:0.35:0.95。可见,油菜对钾的吸收量远大于磷,几乎与氮素相差无几。“油菜难离钾,缺钾产量差。”实践证明,钾对油菜的生长发育、叶片增长、于物质积累和产量形成等均有重要影响。在土壤严重缺钾的情况下,与生长正常的油菜相比,出苗至1叶期要推迟7天左右,蕾苔期要迟20天左右。油菜缺钾的典型症状是:叶片及叶柄显紫色,叶缘焦枯,继而全叶“灼伤状”或萎蔫。
First, the growth and development of potassium and rapeseed due to inadequate organic fertilizer, excessive application of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer increased rapidly, rapeseed on the growing demand for potassium. According to the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences oil materials, potash fertilizer application in potassium, rape average yield of 10% or more. Research shows that for every 100 kg of rapeseed produced, it needs to absorb 10.1 kg of nitrogen, 3.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 9.4 kg of potassium chloride, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.35: 0.95. Visible, rape potassium absorption is much larger than phosphorus, almost the same with the nitrogen. “Rape difficult to potassium, potassium production is poor.” Practice has proved that potassium on rape growth and development, leaf growth, material accumulation and production have a significant impact. In the case of severe potassium deficiency in soil, compared with the normal growth of rape, emergence to the first leaf stage to be postponed for about 7 days, the elm period of about 20 days later. Typical symptoms of canola potassium deficiency are: purple leaves and petioles, leaf margin scorching, and then the whole leaf “burn” or wilting.