疫苗预防接种异常反应在当前尚难以避免,这对不断建立和完善我国相应的救济制度提出了客观要求。美国为应对20世纪80年代的疫苗危机,在立法主导下完成了儿童疫苗伤害救济由单一的民事侵权诉讼,向无过错补偿体系为优先、民事侵权诉讼为补充的救济制度的转型。本文以此为视角,通过对美国相关制度背景和内容的解析、评价与借鉴,从理念、制度、实施等层面提出了完善我国预防接种异常反应救济制度的建议。 Abnormal vaccination vaccination in the current can not be avoided, which continue to establish and improve China’s corresponding relief system put forward the objective requirements. In order to cope with the vaccine crisis in the 1980s, the United States completed the transition of the relief system for relief of childhood vaccines from a single civil-infringement lawsuit and a remedy system supplemented by a no-fault compensation system and tort litigation to remedy the vaccine crisis in the 1980s. Based on this perspective, through the analysis, evaluation and reference of the relevant institutional background and content in the United States, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the relief response system of vaccination in China from the aspects of concept, system and implementation.