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目的初步探寻建立下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)合并肺栓塞(PE)的小型猪模型的方法。方法 15只小型猪随机分为3组(A、B、C)。每组通过结扎双侧股静脉并注入氨甲苯酸以获得DVT模型,并经B超证实;3组实验猪分别于建模后第1、4、7天拆除双侧结扎线,并洗脱—侧股静脉内自体血栓后行CT血管造影(CTA)检查,若无肺栓塞影像学证据,则经头静脉注入体外制备的血栓后再次行CTA检查,7d后将小型猪处死并行病理学检查。结果 2只小型猪因严重肺炎排除,其余13只中11只DVT合并PE建模成功并经病理证实,建模即刻成功率73.33%(7d后成功率53.33%)。其中B组建模成功率为100%。其中11只DVT在B超上表现为股静脉腔内的条索状低回声;PE在CTA上表现为肺动脉主干或分支的充盈缺损及截断。病理检查示肺动脉内见混有明胶海绵和自体血栓的栓塞物。结论下肢DVT合并PE小型猪模型可成功建立;B超和CTA检查可以较好的评价DVT和PE。
Objective To explore the method of establishing a miniature pig model of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) combined with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods Fifteen miniature pigs were randomly divided into three groups (A, B, C). In each group, DVT model was obtained by ligating the bilateral femoral vein and injecting toluic acid, and confirmed by B ultrasound; bilateral experimental ligature was removed on the 1st, Lateral femoral vein thrombosis CT angiography (CTA) examination, in the absence of pulmonary embolism imaging evidence, the thrombus prepared in vitro through the cephalic vein thrombolysis again after CTA examination, 7d after the mini-pigs were sacrificed and pathological examination. Results Two miniature pigs were excluded due to severe pneumonia. Eleven of the remaining 13 DVT models were successfully established and pathologically confirmed. The success rate of modeling was 73.33% (53.33% after 7 days). B group modeling success rate of 100%. Eleven of the DVTs showed a cord-like hypoechoic in the femoral vein at B level. PE showed filling defect and truncation of the pulmonary artery trunk or branch on CTA. Pathological examination showed pulmonary embolism with gelatin sponge and autologous thrombus. Conclusion The lower extremity DVT with PE mini-pig model can be established successfully. The ultrasonography and CTA can better evaluate the DVT and PE.