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以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。
Thirty main cultivars or lines of Heilongjiang Province were used as test materials, and 17 ℃ cold water irrigation (20 d) was set at booting stage. The effects of cold water stress on dry matter production of rice were analyzed under conventional cultivation management. The results showed that cold water stress resulted in decrease of seed number, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight per plant and yield of all tested materials. According to the relative seed setting rate, cold tolerance of test material was divided into 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 grades, The highest level, the lowest level 1, accounting for 30% and 10% of the total material, respectively. Under the condition of cold water treatment, the dry matter accumulation and proportion of all materials from heading to maturity, population growth rate, net assimilation rate, grain-leaf ratio, harvest index, leaf area index, The leaf plumpness decreased with the 3 leaves, but the leaf area increased with high efficiency. The correlation analysis showed that the relative seed setting rate of cold water treatment was positively correlated with the harvest index (r = 0.96 **), grain yield (r = 0.91 **), grain-leaf ratio (r = 0.84 **) and dry matter accumulation (R = 0.44 *), CRI (r = 0.44 *) and dry matter accumulation ratio (r = 0.43 *) were significantly positive Related. In conclusion, the effect of cold water stress at booting stage on dry matter production of rice is very different among cultivars. Dry matter accumulation and its proportion, population growth rate, net assimilation rate, The leaf ratio and harvest index were unresponsive to cold water, which is an important morphological and physiological reason for maintaining high yield of the extremely cold tolerant cultivars.