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中国在20世纪的现代国家建构中,国家以政治动员的方式发动农民参与政治活动,国内外学界围绕这个问题分别以文化主义、结构主义、理性主义及底层历史与日常生活叙事四种视角做了深入研究。既有的关于国家动员与农民政治行为研究,在取得丰硕研究成果的同时也存在不足:一是文化主义、结构主义与理性主义分析视角,大多属于静态化的解释,底层历史与日常生活叙事虽然弥补了动态化分析的缺失,但自身却陷入了解读历史的传统,社会科学的因果解释却明显不足。二是几种分析模式都将农民政治行为做了同质化的处理,而对农民政治行为的复杂性缺乏足够的重视。三是过分关注农民的行为反应,而农民在价值观念和心态上的变化缺乏应有的重视。
In the construction of modern nation in China in the 20th century, the state mobilized the peasants to participate in the political activities in a political mobilization way. The domestic and foreign scholars around this issue respectively made four kinds of perspectives: culturalism, structuralism, rationalism and the narration of the underlying history and daily life In-depth study. The existing researches on state mobilization and farmer’s political behavior have not only achieved fruitful research results but also have some shortcomings. First, cultural, structural and rationalist perspectives mostly belong to the static interpretation, although the underlying history and narration of daily life To make up for the lack of dynamic analysis, but itself has fallen into the tradition of interpretation of history, the causal explanation of social science is obviously inadequate. Second, several kinds of analysis models all make the peasants ’political behavior be treated homogeneously, while the peasants’ political behavior lacks enough attention. Third, the farmers are excessively concerned about their behavioral responses. However, the changes in values and mentality of peasants lack due attention.