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目的探讨无症状性蛋白尿和(或)血尿患者的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析54例因体检或其他疾病就诊发现无症状性蛋白尿和(或)血尿患者的临床资料。结果 54例患者中,蛋白尿者41例(75.9%),其中单纯蛋白尿9例(16.7%);镜下血尿者45例(83.3%),其中单纯镜下血尿13例(24.1%),同时有蛋白尿和血尿者32例(59.3%);伴高血压者10例(18.5%);肾功能下降者5例(9.3%)。病理类型多样,原发性肾小球疾病46例,其中以IgA肾病(44.4%)和系膜增生性肾炎(33.3%)为主;其余8例为继发性肾脏病。11例(20.4%)肾小球球性硬化>20%,34例(63.0%)出现肾间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩。结论成年人应常规行尿检和肾功能检查,确诊慢性肾脏病后,应行肾组织病理检查,尽早明确病理类型和间质损伤程度,早期干预治疗。
Objective To investigate the clinicopathological features of asymptomatic proteinuria and / or hematuria. Methods The clinical data of 54 patients with asymptomatic proteinuria and / or hematuria due to physical examination or other diseases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 54 patients, 41 (75.9%) had proteinuria, of which 9 (16.7%) had simple proteinuria, 45 (83.3%) had microscopic hematuria, 13 (24.1%) had microscopic hematuria, 32 cases (59.3%) had proteinuria and hematuria, 10 cases (18.5%) had hypertension, and 5 cases (9.3%) had decreased renal function. The pathological types of 46 cases of primary glomerular disease, of which IgA nephropathy (44.4%) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (33.3%) based; the remaining 8 cases of secondary kidney disease. Glomerulosclerosis> 20% in 11 cases (20.4%) and renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy in 34 cases (63.0%). Conclusion Adults should routinely perform urinalysis and renal function tests. After diagnosis of chronic kidney disease, renal pathological examination should be performed to identify the pathological type and interstitial injury as soon as possible and early intervention treatment.