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在坡耕地景观内,由于农耕工具和重力作用而引起的耕作位移使土壤发生向下坡运动或向上坡运动(依赖于耕作方向),导致净余土壤量向下坡传输、堆积,重新分配,从而形成耕作侵蚀。试验研究表明耕作侵蚀是坡耕地的主要侵蚀形式之一,耕作侵蚀发生最严重的区域是坡度较大、坡体短的坡耕地。该文就耕作侵蚀的概念、发生机理、典型的耕作侵蚀模型的发展,以及耕作侵蚀对土壤肥力和作物产量影响的研究现状作了简要论述,特别总结了针对中国的地貌和耕作工具特征而进行的耕作侵蚀的研究成果。指出在一定的景观范围内,耕作侵蚀是十分严重的,甚至其严重程度已经超过了水蚀。但是相对于水蚀而言,耕作侵蚀研究还很少,因此加强耕作侵蚀的研究是十分必要的。只有这样才能正确评价农耕地侵蚀状况,准确制定土壤保持措施和采用减少耕作侵蚀力的耕作工具,从而有效地控制土壤侵蚀。
In a sloping farmland landscape, tillage displacements due to farming tools and gravity cause the soil to move downhill or uphill (depending on the direction of farming), causing the net excess soil volume to move downhill, accumulate, redistribute, Thus forming tillage erosion. Experimental studies have shown that tillage erosion is one of the major forms of erosion in sloping fields, and the most serious tillage erosion areas are sloping lands with short slope. This paper briefly discusses the concept and mechanism of tillage erosion, the development of typical tillage erosion models and the status quo of tillage erosion on soil fertility and crop yield. In particular, the paper reviews the characteristics of tillage and landform tools in China The results of farming erosion research. Pointed out that within a certain range of landscape, farming erosion is very serious, and even its severity has exceeded water erosion. However, compared with water erosion, there are few studies on tillage erosion. Therefore, it is necessary to study tillage erosion. Only in this way can a correct assessment of the status of agricultural land erosion, soil conservation measures to accurately establish and reduce tillage erode farming tools to effectively control soil erosion.