今年以来,黄河出现历史罕见的缺水局面。黄河水文部门的分析显示:到7月10日前,黄河主要河段来水将仅为82亿立方米,比有实测记录以来最早的1997年同期还少55亿立方米。来水量和黄河主要水库现存可调节水量相加,黄河干流可供水量仅为117亿立方米,对照同期沿黄地区最低耗水量,即使将黄河水“喝子放净”,供水缺口仍达49亿立方米。“大河上下齐喊渴”,黄河来水少、不够用,一时成为人们关注的热点问题。 一些黄河专家指出,黄河枯水,有自然因素,但一个重要原因是长期以来人们无节制地取水、引水,已远远超出了黄河水资源承载能力,结果是“喝干乳汁喝血汁”,滔滔黄河渐渐退化为涓涓细流。 与此同时,在黄河上游,滥垦滥牧造成草原沙化,减少了黄河水补给,降低了黄河的自净能力;在中下游,污水大量排放,人类自食其毒,生存压力加大。如今,缺水之痛、断流之痛、污染之痛、生态之痛折磨着母亲河,使她失去了往日的风采,疲惫而憔悴,向内陆河演进的趋势越来越明显。 黄河流域是资源性缺水地区,而本世纪的前20年,正是我国全面建设小康社会的关键时期,随着工业的发展、城市化步伐的加快,用水量必然增加,如何在发展与黄河水可持续利用之间寻找平衡,是一个亟待解决的课题。为了缓解北方水源不足,国家已启动了南水北调东线工程,中 This year, the Yellow River has experienced a rare history of water shortage. Analysis by the Yellow River Hydrological Department shows that by July 10, the incoming water from the main reaches of the Yellow River will be only 8.2 billion cubic meters, 5.5 billion cubic meters less than the earliest of the same period in 1997 since the measured records. The amount of water available to the main reservoirs in the Yellow River adds up to the existing available water. The water supply to the mainstream of the Yellow River is only 11.7 billion cubic meters. Compared with the lowest water consumption along the Yellow River during the same period, the water supply gap still reaches 49 One hundred million cubic meters. “Qi up and down the river thirst,” the Yellow River less water, not enough, and sometimes became a hot issue of concern. Some Yellow River experts pointed out that the Yellow River has low water, with natural factors, but an important reason is that people have long been uncontrolled in water and diversion, which has far exceeded the carrying capacity of the Yellow River water resources. The result is “drunk milk to drink blood” The Yellow River gradually degenerated into a trickle. At the same time, in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, indiscriminate and overgrazing caused desertification of grasslands, reducing the supply of the Yellow River water and reducing the self-purification capacity of the Yellow River. In the middle and lower reaches, large quantities of sewage were discharged and human beings fed on themselves and their living pressure increased. Nowadays, the pain of water shortage, the pain of breaking the stream, the pain of pollution and the pain of ecology afflict the mother river, making her lose the past style, tired and haggard, and the trend of evolving inland rivers is becoming more obvious. The Yellow River Basin is a resource-scarce region. However, during the first two decades of this century, it was a crucial period for building an overall well-to-do society in our country. With the development of industry and the acceleration of urbanization, the amount of water consumed inevitably increased. Finding a balance between the sustainable use of water is a pressing issue. In order to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the north, the state has already started the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project