目的调查早产儿在出院时宫外发育迟缓的发生率(≤P10宫内生长曲线)并探讨其与血清脂联素的关系。方法选择2012年9月-2013年3月出生于郑州大学第三附属医院,并在24 h内入住该院新生儿重症监护室的早产儿92例为观察对象,选择同时期住院的足月儿20例作为对照,具有完整的出生体重、头围和出院体重、头围,宫内生长曲线值采用中国15城市不同新生儿出生体重、头围值(1986~1987年);采用酶联免疫法测定血清脂联素水平。统计学分析采用t检验或χ2检验。结果 92例早产儿宫外发育迟缓的发生率以出院体重评价为43.48%,以出院头围评价为21.74%。EUGR的发生率随出生体重及胎龄的增加而减少(P<0.05);早产组生后第1天血清脂联素水平[(11.62±4.67)mg/L]明显低于足月组[(23.16±3.94)mg/L](P<0.01);早产组生后第14天血清脂联素水平[(17.86±4.56)mg/L]比第1天明显升高(P<0.01);宫外发育迟缓组脂联素水平生后第14天[(13.16±4.11)mg/L]与第1天[(9.13±4.26)mg/L]比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),非宫外发育迟缓组生后第14天脂联素水平[(21.75±3.96)mg/L]较生后第1天[(12.74±4.12)mg/L]明显升高(P<0.01)。结论宫外发育迟缓在早产儿中仍有较高的发生率,出生体重低的早产儿发生率相对较高;早产儿血清脂联素水平随日龄的增加逐渐升高,宫外发育迟缓早产儿血清脂联素水平随日龄的增加无明显增加,因此脂联素可能成为提示早产儿发生宫外发育迟缓的敏感指标。 Objective To investigate the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (≤10 intrauterine growth curve) in preterm infants and to explore their relationship with serum adiponectin. Methods September 2012 - March 2013 was born in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and admitted to the hospital within 24 hours neonatal intensive care unit in 92 cases of premature infants as the observation object, select the same period of hospitalized full-term children 20 cases as control, with a complete birth weight, head circumference and discharge weight, head circumference, intrauterine growth curve values ​​used birth weight and head circumference of different newborns in 15 cities of China (1986 ~ 1987); using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Serum adiponectin levels were measured. Statistical analysis using t test or χ2 test. Results The incidence of ectopic development in 92 preterm infants was estimated to be 43.48% on discharged body weight and 21.74% on discharged head circumference. The incidence of EUGR decreased with the increase of birth weight and gestational age (P <0.05). The level of serum adiponectin [(11.62 ± 4.67) mg / L] on the first day after birth in preterm birth group was significantly lower than that in term group [( 23.17 ± 3.94) mg / L] (P <0.01). The level of serum adiponectin in premature labor group was significantly higher than that of the first day on the 14th day after birth ([17.86 ± 4.56] mg / L] There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in the level of adiponectin at the 14th day [(13.16 ± 4.11) mg / L] and the first day [(9.13 ± 4.26) mg / L] The level of adiponectin [(21.75 ± 3.96) mg / L] on the 14th day after birth was significantly higher than that on the first day after birth [(12.74 ± 4.12) mg / L] (P <0.01). Conclusion The incidence of extrauterine growth retardation is still high in preterm infants. The incidence of preterm infants with low birth weight is relatively high. Serum levels of adiponectin in premature infants are gradually increased with the increase of age, and premature ectopic development is premature Serum adiponectin levels increased with age did not increase significantly, so adiponectin may be a sensitive indicator of ectopic development retardation in preterm children.