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本文以《宋元方志丛刊》为基本史料,并辅以明代方志,从新造(含改建)桥梁的数量、类型、技术和资金筹措等角度,说明南宋时期桥梁建造业所获致的成就。考察表明,桥梁建造在南宋时期形成高潮,不仅超迈汉唐,且为元朝所不及。我国传统社会由木桥向石桥的过渡在南宋完成,石墩石梁桥已成为主导形制。桥墩建造中的“伐型基础”、“养砺固基”和“睡木沉基”技术,桥梁架设中的伸臂梁技术,以及浮桥的联结和伸缩技术均是在南宋时期成熟和定型的。而政府投资、私人捐款和寺院集资则为该时期桥梁事业大发展提供了雄厚的资金支持。
Based on the basic historical materials of the Song and Yuan Dynasty Series of Chronicles, together with the local chronicles in the Ming Dynasty, this article illustrates the achievements made by the bridge construction industry in the Southern Song Dynasty from the perspective of the number, type, technology and financing of new bridges (including reconstruction). Inspection shows that the bridge construction in the Southern Song Dynasty climax, not only Maihan and Tang Dynasty, but also for the Yuan Dynasty. The transition of our traditional society from wooden bridge to stone bridge was completed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Stone Pier Stone Bridge has become the dominant shape. Bridge pier construction “cutting foundation ”, “nourishing solid base ” and “sleep wood sink base ” technology, beam bridge erection beam technology, and pontoon coupling and telescopic technology are Southern Song Dynasty mature and stereotyped. The government investment, private donations and monastic fund-raising for the great development of the bridge during this period provided a solid financial support.