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美国佩里“黑船来航”之后,日本从锁国走向开国,并完成了明治维新。然而,“黑船来航”的影响远不止从“锁国”到“开国”这一制度上的转变,它更让幕末的日本感受到了来自西方“黑船”的威胁。带着对“黑船”的恐惧和敬畏,幕末的日本掀起了西洋式船舶的“购船”和“造船”热潮,并由此推动了本国船舶从“帆船”向“汽船”的转变。这个转变包含两个层面,其一是从风力到蒸汽力的动力转变,其二是从木制到铁制的船体材料转变。因此,近代日本从“帆船”到“汽船”的转变过程,既是引进西方技术步入近代工业化的过程,也是海权意识萌芽、从封闭型岛国转变为开放型海洋国家的过程。在这个过程中,船舶作为跨越海洋、走向海外在器物层面上的必要条件,其转变所带来的影响和作用不容忽视。简言之,近代日本始于佩里“黑船来航”之时,此后“汽船”进入日本并备受关注;开港之后的日本转型为门户开放的岛国,进入“帆船”和“汽船”并存的阶段;中日甲午战争之后的日本转型为对外侵略扩张的海上帝国,“木制”汽船逐渐被“钢铁制”汽船取代。
After the United States Perry “Black Ship to Air ”, Japan from the lock state to the founding, and completed the Meiji Restoration. However, the influence of “Black Ship to Air China” goes far beyond the institutional shift from “Locke” to “Founding”, which in turn threatens Japan at the bottom of the screen from the “Black Ship” in the West . With the fear and awe of “Black Ship ”, Japan at the end of the curtain set off a craze for the “shipbuilding” and “shipbuilding” of the western-style ships and thus promoted the development of domestic ships from the “sailboat” Change to “Steamboat”. This shift involves two levels, one of which is the dynamic shift from wind to steam and the other from the conversion of wood-to-iron hull material. Therefore, the transition from “sailboat” to “steamship” in modern Japan is not only the process of introducing western technology into modern industrialization, but also the process of the emergence of sea power awareness and the transition from a closed island nation to an open ocean state. In this process, as the necessary conditions for transiting the ocean and going overseas at the utensil level, the influence and role of the ship can not be ignored. In short, the modern Japan began with Perry’s “Black Ship Arrival”, after which “Steamboat” entered Japan with great concern. After Japan’s opening, Japan transformed into an open island nation and entered the “Sailing ”And“ Steamboat ”coexist; Japan after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894 was transformed into a maritime empire in which the invasion and expansion of foreign countries expanded. The“ wooden ”steamboat was gradually replaced by the steamer of“ steel ”.