对上海市４０３７例产后妇女避孕行为及其影响因素的调查，结果表明妇女产后平均４．６１月开始避孕。年龄在２５～２９岁、职业为干部、文化程度和经济收入较高、接触亲友层次高及孕前接受过避孕宣教的妇女，产后开始避孕的时间较早。妇女产后一般首选的避孕方法为ＩＵＤ，其次为避孕套。经济、文化、人口学特征和社会环境等因素对妇女避孕方法的选择产生一定的影响。３７．５８％的产后妇女未用或未及时使用避孕措施，大部分妇女对产后不孕期有误解（认为不来月经就不会怀孕，认为一直哺乳不会怀孕等），避孕知识和信息的缺乏是妇女未用避孕方法的重要原因。加强宣传力度，鼓励妇女（特别是年龄较青、职业层次、文化程度、经济收入及接触亲友层次较低的妇女）产后尽早使用避孕措施，是提高妇女生殖健康水平的一个重要方面 A survey of 4037 postpartum women’s contraception in Shanghai and its influential factors showed that women started contraception on average after 4.61 months of delivery. Women aged 25-29 years old with occupations as cadres, high educational attainment and high economic income, high level of contact with friends and relatives and pre-conception missionary contraceptives started earlier after contraception. The preferred method of contraception for women after childbirth is IUD, followed by condoms. Factors such as economy, culture, demographic characteristics and social environment have an impact on the choice of women’s contraceptive methods. 37.58% of postpartum women did not use contraceptives or did not use them promptly, most of them had misconceptions about postnatal infertility (they did not expect to get pregnant after menstruation, and they would not have been breastfeeding, etc.), lack of contraceptive knowledge and information An important reason women do not use contraception. To step up publicity so as to encourage women to use contraceptives as soon as possible postpartum is an important aspect of women’s reproductive health, especially for those who are younger, have a higher occupation level, have a lower education level, have lower incomes, and have lower levels of family members and friends.