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为了研究复垦类型对重金属有效态含量的影响,以复垦8年的山西省霍州市曹村煤矿煤矸山复垦农田、果园和退化荒地为研究对象,分析了3种复垦样地中土壤理化性质、重金属有效态含量及其生物有效性的差异,以及影响重金属有效态含量的主要因子.结果表明:1)3种复垦土壤理化性质差异明显,农田有机质含量显著高于果园,退化荒地EC值显著高于农田和果园,而pH值和有机质则较低;2)从3种复垦样地土壤重金属有效态含量和生物有效性系数看:在0 ～ 20 cm土层,农田Pb、Cu、Hg有效态含量和生物有效性系数均高于果园,但与退化荒地无显著差异;在20～40 cm土层,退化荒地中Pb、Cu、Hg有效态含量和生物有效性系数均显著高于农田和果园;3)从通径分析的结果看:土壤pH值和有机质是影响Pb、Cu、Hg有效态含量最主要的因子,其中pH对有效态含量的负向作用最大,而有机质对有效态含量的正向作用较大.“,”To study the effects of reclaimed land on available contents of heavy metals,the farmland,orchard and retrogress wasteland reclaimed for eight years in Cao Village,Huozhou City,Shanxi Province were taken as subjects.Physicochemical properties,available contents of heavy metals and bioavailability in three kinds of reclaimed land,and the main factors affecting the available contents of heavy metal were analyzed.The results showed that:1) Physicochemical properties of three reclaimed lands were obviously different.The contents of organic matter in the farmland were significantly higher than that in orchard.The EC value of retrogress wasteland was significantly higher than that of the farmland and orchard,while the pH value and organic matter were lower.2) As to available contents of heavy metals and bioavailability coefficient,in the 0 ～ 20cm soil layer,available contents of Pb,Hg and Cu and bioavailability coefficient in the farmland were higher than those in orchard,but had no significant difference with retrogress wasteland;while in the 20 ～40cm soil layer,available contents of Pb,Hg and Cu and bioavailability coefficient in retrogress wasteland were significantly higher than those in the farmland and orchard.3) The path analysis results showed that the pH and organic matter contents were the main factors affecting the available contents of Pb,Cu,Hg,and pH had the greatest negative effect on the available contents of heavy metals,while organic matter had a greater positive effect on available contents of heavy metals.