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在刑法知识转型的大背景下,中国《刑法》第13条“但书”亟需在理论上做出清晰定位。理论上目前存在四种“但书”适用路径:传统派、激进派、保守改良派和开放改造派。开放改造派兼顾犯罪构成的逻辑合理性与刑法知识转型的努力,将“但书”条款作为法教义学规范资源加以利用,值得提倡。“但书”条款不是采纳阶层犯罪论体系的立法障碍,也能够与出罪体系兼容,应当成为阶层犯罪论体系中的出罪性规范资源。在犯罪论体系中,只重视性质判断,不重视程度判断的思维习惯值得反思。从“但书”条款的文意出发,在阶层犯罪论体系中“但书”应当被定位为不法和罪责程度性判断的规范指引,从而实现与阶层犯罪论出罪体系的对接。
Under the background of the transformation of knowledge of criminal law, Article 13 of the Chinese Criminal Law urgently needs to make a clear theoretical definition. In theory, there are currently four ways to apply the book: traditional school, radical school, conservative reformist group and open reformist school. The reformist school takes into account both the logical rationality of criminal construction and the efforts in knowledge transfer of criminal law, and makes use of the “proviso ” clause as a normative resource for legal education and is worth promoting. “But the ” clause is not a legislative obstacle to adopt the stratified crime system, but also can be compatible with the crime system, it should become a normative resource in the class crime system. In the criminal theory system, it is worth reflecting on the habit of thinking which only emphasizes the nature judgment and does not attach importance to the degree judgment. Based on the article meaning of “But the clause”, in the system of stratified crime, “But the book ” should be defined as the normative guide to the judgment of the degree of illegality and guilt, so as to realize the connection with the crime system of class crime .