本文针对胜利油田 1998～ 1999年度两种复杂地表条件 ,通过研究特殊复杂区段的地表特点 ,提出了变观施工方法。在三维地震勘探观测系统的设计中 ,面元的属性是根据地质任务要求选择的 ,它包含炮检距和方位角两个重要因素。不同的观测系统有不同的炮检距和方位角 ,炮检距和方位角又取决于覆盖次数 (影响炮检距分布的主要是纵向覆盖次数 ,而影响方位角分布的主要是横向覆盖次数 ) ,因此 ,本文对观测系统的纵、横向覆盖次数进行了讨论。从理论上对变观前、后的面元属性以及在这些区段采取变观的合理性进行了对比分析 ,从而解决了野外施工中的难题 In this paper, two kinds of complex surface conditions of Shengli Oilfield from 1998 to 1999 are studied. In 3D seismic prospecting system design, the properties of bin are chosen according to the geological task requirements. It includes two important factors: offset and azimuth. Different observation systems have different offset distances and azimuths. Offset distances and azimuths depend on the number of coverage (the number of vertical coverage affects the offset distribution, while the number of horizontal coverage affects azimuth distribution mainly) Therefore, this paper discusses the vertical and horizontal coverage of observation system. In theory, we compare and analyze the attributes of the frontal and rear bones and the rationality of changing the perspectives in these sections so as to solve the difficulties in the field construction