目的探讨早期胃肠外营养方案对超低体重早产儿的作用和效果。方法将湖北省中山医院和武汉市妇女儿童保健中心新生儿内科收治的47例超低体重早产儿分为研究组24例和对照组23例,研究组给予早期胃肠外营养方案治疗,对照组给予延迟胃肠外营养方案治疗,对两组超低体重早产儿治疗效果进行比较。结果研究组的体重增加(28.7±8.3)g/d显著地高于对照组的(23.6±9.7)g/d、研究组的住院时间(12.5±2.4)d、转胃肠道喂养(9.2±2.1)d、宫外生长发育迟缓率33.33%均显著地低于对照组的住院时间(14.6±3.7)d、转胃肠道喂养(12.6±2.2)d、宫外生长发育迟缓率62.5%且差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7 d后两组患儿摄入的总热卡、氨基酸、蛋白/能量比、体重、身长、头围、前白蛋白较出生当天均显著地提高(P<0.05),治疗7 d后研究组的摄入总热卡、氨基酸、蛋白/能量比、体重、前白蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组的高钾血症发生率、低钙血症发生率均显著地低于对照组且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期胃肠外营养方案对超低体重早产儿的生长发育、营养代谢改善优于延迟胃肠外营养方案。 Objective To investigate the effect and effect of early parenteral nutrition on ultra-low weight preterm infants. Methods Forty-eight patients with low birth weight preterm infants admitted to Department of Neonatology, Zhongshan Hospital of Wuhan and Wuhan Children’s and Child Health Care Center were divided into study group (24 cases) and control group (23 cases). The study group was given parenteral nutrition treatment and control group To give delayed parenteral nutrition treatment, the effect of treatment of two groups of ultra-low weight preterm children were compared. Results The body weight gain (28.7 ± 8.3) g / d in study group was significantly higher than that in control group (23.6 ± 9.7) g / d, that in study group was 12.5 ± 2.4 d, that in gastrointestinal tract was 9.2 ± 2.1) d, the extrauterine growth and development retardation rate was significantly lower than the control group 33.33% (14.6 ± 3.7) d, gastrointestinal tract feeding (12.6 ± 2.2) d, extrauterine growth retardation rate of 62.5% and The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After 7 days of treatment, the total calorie intake, amino acid, protein / energy ratio, body weight, body length, head circumference and prealbumin in both groups were significantly higher than those on the day of birth (P <0.05) The total caloric intake, amino acid, protein / energy ratio, body weight and prealbumin level were higher in the group than in the control group (P <0.05). The incidence of hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion The early parenteral nutrition regimen is superior to delayed parenteral nutrition in the growth and development of ultra-low weight preterm infants and the improvement of nutritional metabolism.